15 - Sinaiticus, probably the most authoritative manuscript, has Nazareth as a city of Judea in Luke 1:26.
- Galilee of the nations
- The parts of Judea
tá méri tís Ioudaías
Galilee and Perea were Incorporated into "Greater Judea" i.e. Provincia Ivdaea, in 44 CE, which already incorporated the regions of Samaria, Idumea, and the eponymous Judea. The regional name "Perea" is used by Josephus (c. 75 CE) and Pliny the Elder (c. 75 CE) in their geographic descriptions of the regions within the province.
Diverging from the geographic label used by Josephus and Pliny. It is notable that the Markan author—whose geography demarcates Jew from Gentile—names the Transjordan region by using the same term found in the LXX Book of Isaiah—péran toú Iordánou. The Markan author never uses the specific contemporary name for the east bank territory of Herod Antipas, i.e. "Perea".
(LXX 8:23) kaí ouk aporithísetai o en stenochoría ón éos kairoú toúto próton poíei tachý poíei chóra Zavoulon i gí Nefthalim odón thalássis kaí oi loipoí oi tín paralían katoikoúntes kaí péran toú Iordánou Galilaía tón ethnón tá méri tís Ioudaías(LXX 8:23) καὶ οὐκ ἀπορηθήσεται ὁ ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ ὢν ἕως καιροῦ τοῦτο πρῶτον ποίει ταχὺ ποίει χώρα Ζαβουλων ἡ γῆ Νεφθαλιμ ὁδὸν θαλάσσης καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ οἱ τὴν παραλίαν κατοικοῦντες καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν τὰ μέρη τῆς Ιουδαίας
--"Ησαΐας (Isaiah) 9 :: Septuagint (LXX)". Blue Letter Bible.
- "Naturalis Historia/Liber V §. XV". Wikisource Latin. "Perea is covered with rugged mountains, and is separated from the other parts of Judaea by the river Jordan." [Pliny the Elder (c. 75 CE). Natural History 5.15.]
- "16. Beschreibung der Landschaften Galiläas bei Josephus" (in de). University of Siegen. "Perea is . . . uninhabited in large parts, being to rugged and inhospitable for the growth of the superior fruits. However in its friendlier parts all the fruits grow. [Flavius Josephus (c. 75 CE). Geschichte des Jüdischen Krieges III 3.3 §44f. Übersetzt Dr. Heinrich Clementz. Köln 1900.]"
- c. 78 CE Pliny the Elder in his work, Naturalis Historia, Book 5(15) wrote;
['Greater Judea' or 'Provincia Iudaea', incorporates Samaria and Idumea into an expanded territory.] The part of Judaea adjoining Syria is called Galilee. And that next to Arabia and Egypt—Peraea— is covered with rugged mountains, and is separated from the other parts of Judaea by the river Jordan (in the original Latin: "Supra Idumaeam et Samariam Iudaea longe lateque funditur. pars eius Syriae iuncta Galilaea vocatur, Arabiae vero et Aegypto proxima Peraea, asperis dispersa montibus et a ceteris Iudaeis Iordane amne discreta.")[6][7][8]
- c. 75 CE Josephus in his work, The Jewish War, Book 3(3) wrote;
Peraea ...much larger indeed [than Galilee], is generally desert and rugged, and too wild for the growth of delicate fruits. In some parts, however the soil is loamy and prolific, and trees of various kinds cover the plains ; but the olive-tree, the vine, and the palm tree, are those principally cultivated. It is also sufficiently irrigated by mountain streams ; and (should these in the dog-days fail) by ever flowing springs. In length, it extends from Machaerus to Pella : in breadth, from Philadelphia to the Jordan : its northern districts being bounded, as we have already said, by Pella ; and those on the west, by the river. The land of Moab forms its southern limit ; while Arabia and Silbonitis, with Philadelphia and Gerasa, constitute its eastern boundary. (in the original Greek: "[44] Καθόλου δέ, εἰ καὶ τῷ μεγέθει τις ἐλαττώσειε τῆς Περαίας τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, προέλοιτο δ᾽ ἂν τῇ δυνάμει: ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἐνεργὸς ὅλη καὶ συνεχής ἐστιν καρποφόρος, ἡ Περαία δὲ πολὺ μὲν μείζων, ἔρημος δὲ καὶ τραχεῖα τὸ πλέον πρός τε καρπῶν ἡμέρων αὔξησιν ἀγριωτέρα, [45] τό γε μὴν μαλθακὸν αὐτῆς καὶ πάμφορον, καὶ τὰ πεδία δένδρεσι ποικίλοις κατάφυτα τὸ πλεῖστόν τε ἐλαίαν [τε] καὶ ἄμπελον καὶ φοινικῶνας ἤσκηται, διαρδομένη χειμάρροις τε τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ὀρῶν καὶ πηγαῖς ἀεννάοις ἅλις, εἴ ποτ᾽ ἐκεῖνοι σειρίῳ φθίνοιεν. [46] μῆκος μὲν [οὖν] αὐτῆς ἀπὸ Μαχαιροῦντος εἰς Πέλλαν, εὖρος δ᾽ ἀπὸ Φιλαδελφείας μέχρι Ἰορδάνου. [47] καὶ Πέλλῃ μέν, ἣν προειρήκαμεν, τὰ πρὸς ἄρκτον ὁρίζεται, πρὸς ἑσπέραν δὲ Ἰορδάνῃ: μεσημβρινὸν δ᾽ αὐτῆς πέρας ἡ Μωαβῖτις, καὶ πρὸς ἀνατολὴν Ἀραβίᾳ τε καὶ Σιλωνίτιδι, πρὸς δὲ Φιλαδελφηνῇ καὶ Γεράσοις ἀποτέμνεται.")[9][10][11]
Statistics: Posted by dbz — Sun Jan 07, 2024 12:31 pm